翻譯社 ”基本上這是一段無法理解的經文，因此就降生了下面這類注釋：“莫露出首飾，除非天然露出的，叫她們用面紗遮住胸瞠。
A：在第24章31節裡，阿拉伯語版是這麼寫的，“她們應當用khumurs擊打袋子。”然則，若是這段經文被以敘利亞-亞拉姆語來解釋，那麼其含義便瞬間名頓開：“她們應該在腰上綁著腰帶翻譯”
Q. - Does this mean the veil is really a chastity belt?
This is a promising beginning for many reasons. Gerd-Rüdiger Puin, a professor at Saarland University in Germany and another Koran scholar on the philological level, maintains that this type of approach to Islam´s holy book can help to defeat its fundamentalist and Manichean readings翻譯社 and to bring into a better light its ties with Judaism and Christianity.
A：天成翻譯社開初的想法就是，要研究《古蘭經》就必需得從歷史-說話學的角度來梳理。因為在《古蘭經》成書的時候，阿拉伯語的書面語還沒有降生；是以，亞拉姆語必會被起首列入考慮，因為它是那個時辰，也就是4-7世紀時不但被用作書面說話，同時還是西亞的通用語。
透過古代說話的蛛絲馬跡，一位德國粹者對伊斯蘭教的聖書提出了一種全新的見解翻譯根據他的觀點，《古蘭經》真實的作者其實說著一口敘利亞-亞拉姆語，向阿拉伯人張揚福音的基督徒。
由於宗教戰爭的影響，16-18世紀的歐洲《聖經》學者也習慣使用化名來自保。 Q. - Professor, why did you think it useful to conduct this re-reading of the Koran? Q. - Do you mean that anyone who does not keep the Syro-Aramaic language in mind cannot translate and interpret the Koran correctly? Q：你還發現《古蘭經》在第97章裡提到了基督的降生翻譯根據你的翻譯，在著名的說起瑪麗亞的那一章，她的分娩實際上是“受主授意的”。另外，這個文本還提到了邀請大眾加入的神聖星期典禮。有無可能，原本的《古蘭經》其實只是阿拉伯語版的基督教《聖經》？ A：天成翻譯社這麼做是因為一些穆斯林同夥的建議，他們很憂郁會有一些狂熱的原教旨主義者，等不及教令下判決就想對我晦氣翻譯 Q：這類文化的語言和《古蘭經》的起源有什麼聯系關系？ Q：所以，面紗真實的意思是貞操帶？ Q：但翻譯公司依然用了化名。
Q：請告知我們你是若何繼續的。
Q：順路一提，請問你對伊斯蘭教的面紗有什麼看法？ Q：那又是什麼使翻譯公司的研究方式如斯與眾不同？
A：我不是穆斯林，所以我不會有這類風險翻譯更況且天成翻譯社並沒有沖撞到《古蘭經》。
Q. - Let´s come to the misunderstandings. One of the most glaring errors you cite is that of the virgins promised翻譯社 in the Islamic paradise, to the suicide bombers. Q. - What do you say, then, about the idea翻譯社 accepted until now, that the Koran was the first book written in Arabic? A. - "At first I conducted a ´synchronous´ reading. In other words, I kept in mind both Arabic and Aramaic. Thanks to this procedure, I was able to discover the extent of the previously unsuspected influence of Aramaic upon the language of the Koran: in point of fact, much of what now passes under the name of ´classical Arabic´ is of Aramaic derivation." A. - "In Pakistan翻譯社 the sale of the edition of ´Newsweek´ that contained an article on my book was banned. Otherwise, I must say that翻譯社 in my encounters with Muslims, I have not noticed any hostile attitudes. On the contrary, they have appreciated the commitment of a non-Muslim to studies aimed at an objective comprehension of their sacred text. My work could be judged as blasphemous only by those who decide to cling to errors in the interpretation of the word of God. But in the Koran it is written, ´No one can bring to the right way those whom God induces to error.´" A. - "At that time翻譯社 there were no Arab schools - except, perhaps, for the Christian centers of al-Anbar and al-Hira翻譯社 in southern Mesopotamia翻譯社 or what is now Iraq. The Arabs of that region had been Christianized and instructed by Syrian Christians. Their liturgical language was Syro-Aramaic. And this was the vehicle of their culture翻譯社 and more generally the language of written communication."
若細數起關於這個主題的最主要的著作的作者——那麼謎底絕非德國的古代閃米特與阿拉伯說話傳授，克里斯托弗・盧森伯格莫屬——不外出於平安考量，這個名字實際上是假名翻譯究竟僅僅就在幾年之前，他在巴勒斯坦納布盧斯大學的同事薩利曼・巴希爾就曾被他自認為遭到冒犯的穆斯林學生揪起，扔出窗外。
但是，敘利亞-亞拉姆語其實也是《古蘭經》的源流之一，這就是為什麼《古蘭經》身上還留著ㄧ些原始基督教系統的影子，這涉及了一個更為專門的概念，而且幾乎從未為人所知，乃至還有些危險。
Q. - Aren´t you afraid of a fatwa翻譯社 a death sentence like the one pronounced against Salman Rushdie? A：讓我們先從單詞“huri”入手下手說起，阿拉伯評論家對這個單詞沒有找到其它除天堂的處女以外的寄義。但若是瞭解敘利亞-亞拉姆語，那麼就發現這個單詞的意思實際上是“白葡萄”，這是基督教天國裡的常見象徵元素之一，在耶穌的最後晚飯上也有被提及翻譯在另一段《古蘭經》段落裡它又被曲解為天堂的“兒童”或是“年輕人”，但在亞拉姆語裡，它指的是葡萄樹的果實，相當於《古蘭經》裡所提到的珍珠翻譯與這類關於天國的象徵一樣，這些誤解極可能與《古蘭經》評論及釋義中的男性壟斷現象脫不了關係。 福音書與伊斯蘭教 童貞與葡萄：《古蘭經》的基督教發源 A. - "I began from the idea that the language of the Koran must be studied from an historical-linguistic point of view. When the Koran was composed, Arabic did not exist as a written language; thus it seemed evident to me that it was necessary to take into consideration, above all, Aramaic翻譯社 which at the time翻譯社 between the 4th and 7th centuries, was not only the language of written communication翻譯社 but also the lingua franca of that area of Western Asia." A：自3世紀伊始，敘利亞基督徒便最先帶著他們鼓吹福音的使命踏上了如亞美尼亞或波斯的臨近國度。於是，雖然《古蘭經》是以阿拉伯語寫成，但它其實也是衍生自敘利亞-亞拉姆語。 Here follows an interview with the author翻譯社 published in Germany in the newspaper "Süddeutsche Zeitung" and in Italy in "L´espresso," no. 11翻譯社 March 12-18, 2004: A：在巴基斯坦，是有曾刊載摘錄自我的書裡的文章的《新聞周刊》被制止販售。不過《古蘭經》亦明白寫過，“沒人能把神致使的毛病指導回正路翻譯”
西方對於《古蘭經》的系統性研究是直到19世紀中葉才開始，而且老是以阿拉伯學者的評論作為根蒂根基翻譯但這些評論卻從來沒有重視過一些詞彙的外國詞源問題。
A：因為，在《古蘭經》裡存在著許多迷糊不清的地方，乃至就連阿拉伯評論家都難以注釋，甚至還有人說，只有天主才能理解這些段落。 But that Syro-Aramaic was also the root of the Koran, and of the Koran of a primitive Christian system翻譯社 is a more specialized notion, an almost clandestine one. And it´s more than a little dangerous. The author of the most important book on the subject - a German professor of ancient Semitic and Arabic languages - preferred翻譯社 out of prudence, to write under the pseudonym of Christoph Luxenberg. A few years ago, one of his colleagues at the University of Nablus in Palestine, Suliman Bashear翻譯社 was thrown out of the window by his scandalized Muslim students. The book by "Christoph Luxenberg" came out in 2000 in Germany with the title "Die Syro-Aramäische Lesart des Koran" ("A Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran")翻譯社 published in Berlin by Das Arabische Buch. It is out of print, and there are no translations in other languages. But a new, updated edition (again in German) is about to arrive in bookstores. A. - "According to Islamic tradition, the Koran dates back to the 7th century, while the first examples of Arabic literature in the full sense of the phrase are found only two centuries later, at the time of the ´Biography of the Prophet´; that is, of the life of Mohammed as written by Ibn Hisham, who died in 828. We may thus establish that post-Koranic Arabic literature developed by degrees, in the period following the work of al-Khalil bin Ahmad翻譯社 who died in 786翻譯社 the founder of Arabic lexicography (kitab al-ayn), and of Sibawwayh, who died in 796, to whom the grammar of classical Arabic is due. Now, if we assume that the composition of the Koran was brought to an end in the year of the Prophet Mohammed´s death翻譯社 in 632, we find before us an interval of 150 years, during which there is no trace of Arabic literature worthy of note." The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran A：論其發源，《古蘭經》現實上是一部敘利亞-亞拉姆語星期書，佈滿了引自《聖經》的讚美詩和抄錄，多是被用於基督教的宗教流動翻譯再者，《古蘭經》開初是被作為以阿拉伯語將《聖經》的內容鼓動宣傳給麥加的基督徒而開始的，本來的《古蘭經》並不是那麼的和後來在麥地那被改動後的那麼與社會政治相關。在一起頭時《古蘭經》並沒有被視為是一個新宗教的根蒂根基，它是以對於《聖經》的信仰作為條件，並是以被流傳入阿拉伯社會罷了。 Q：所以，在穆罕默德時代，阿拉伯語還沒有被精確的規範化，也沒有成長出版面用語翻譯那麼《古蘭經》究竟是怎麼寫成的呢？ Q：傳授，請問為什麼翻譯公司會認為依靠這類方法從頭詮釋《古蘭經》是成心義的？ A. - "Beginning in the third century, the Syrian Christians did not limit themselves to bringing their evangelical mission to nearby countries, like Armenia or Persia. They pressed on toward distant territories, all the way to the borders of China and the western coast of India, in addition to the entire Arabian peninsula all the way to Yemen and Ethiopia. It is thus rather probable that, in order to proclaim the Christian message to the Arabic peoples翻譯社 they would have used (among others) the language of the Bedouins, or Arabic. In order to spread the Gospel, they necessarily made use of a mishmash of languages. But in an era in which Arabic was just an assembly of dialects and had no written form, the missionaries had no choice but to resort to their own literary language and their own culture; that is翻譯社 to Syro-Aramaic. The result was that the language of the Koran was born as a written Arabic language, but one of Arab-Aramaic derivation." A：不盡然。 下面這篇作者專訪曾被別離發表在德國的《南德意志報》和2004年3月12-18日刊的義大利《精髓周刊》第11輯上： Q：既然如此，那你怎麼對待對於人們一向以來所認為的，《古蘭經》是第一部以阿拉伯語寫成的作品的觀念？ Q：那麼讓我們來看看那些有異議的處所。 A. - "Not exactly. It is true that, in the Christian tradition, the belt is associated with chastity: Mary is depicted with a belt fastened around her waist. But in the gospel account of the Last Supper翻譯社 Christ also ties an apron around his waist before washing the Apostles´ feet. There are clearly many parallels with the Christian faith." Q. - What is the relationship between this language of culture and the origin of the Koran? Q. - Tell us how you proceeded. A. - "We begin from the term ´huri翻譯社´ for which the Arabic commentators could not find any meaning other than those heavenly virgins. But if one keeps in mind the derivations from Syro-Aramaic, that expression indicated ´white grapes,´ which is one of the symbolic elements of the Christian paradise, recalled in the Last Supper of Jesus. There´s another Koranic expression, falsely interpreted as ´the children´ or ´the youths´ of paradise: in Aramaic: it designates the fruit of the vine, which in the Koran is compared to pearls. As for the symbols of paradise翻譯社 these interpretive errors are probably connected to the male monopoly in Koranic commentary and interpretation." From the Gospel to Islam A German scholar of ancient languages takes a new look at the sacred book of Islam. He maintains that it was created by Syro-Aramaic speaking Christians翻譯社 in order to evangelize the Arabs. And he translates it in a new way Q. - So at the time of Mohammed Arabic did not have precise rules, and was not used for written communication. Then how did the Koran come to be written? by Sandro Magister Q：你的意思是，不懂敘利亞-亞拉姆語的人就沒法正確的翻譯息爭釋《古蘭經》了？ Q. - You have discovered that Sura 97 of the Koran mentions the Nativity. And in your translation of the famous Sura of Mary翻譯社 her "birthgiving" is "made legitimate by the Lord." Moreover, the text contains the invitation to come to the sacred liturgy, to the Mass. Would the Koran, then, be nothing other than an Arabic version of the Christian Bible? Q. - To many Muslim believers, for whom the Koran is the holy book and the only truth, your conclusions could seem blasphemous. What reactions have you noticed up until now? Q. - By the way翻譯社 what do you think about the Islamic veil? Q. - What makes your method different? 
現今的大眾或多或少城市知道亞拉姆語曾在古代中東的大部分地域廣為風行這個常識，固然這都要歸功於梅爾・吉勃遜的那部全程採用亞拉姆語的片子《受難記：最後的豪情》。不過，一個更新的修訂版（一樣是在德國出書）已即將在書店上市。
“克里斯托弗・盧森伯格”的著作“Die Syro-Aramäische Lesart des Koran”（《敘利亞-亞拉姆語版古蘭經》）是在2000年時在德國正式出書，出書商為柏林的阿拉伯文書公司。
A：在阿誰時候還沒有所謂的阿拉伯黉舍——除，也許在美索不達米亞南部，即今伊拉克的安巴爾和希拉的基督教中間可以算是。這就是他們的文化的載體，同時也是他們的書面說話翻譯 A. - "There is a passage in Sura 24, verse 31, which in Arabic reads, ´That they should beat their khumurs against their bags.´ It is an incomprehensible phrase, for which the following interpretation has been sought: ´That they should extend their kerchiefs from their heads to their breasts.´ But if this passage is read in the light of Syro-Aramaic翻譯社 it simply means: ´They should fasten their belts around their waists.´" A. - "I am not a Muslim, so I don´t run that risk. Besides, I haven´t offended against the Koran"
A：一開始我便著手進行“同步式”浏覽，也就是說，我同時用阿拉伯語和亞拉姆語來解讀經文翻譯多虧有這麼做，天成翻譯社很快就發現了亞拉姆語對《古蘭經》超乎想像的語言影響：事實上，目前以“古阿拉伯語”寫成的大部分段落其實本來都應該是亞拉姆語。
A. - "Yes. Anyone who wants to make a thorough study of the Koran must have a background in the Syro-Aramaic grammar and literature of that period翻譯社 the 7th century. Only thus can he identify the original meaning of Arabic expressions whose semantic interpretation can be established definitively only by retranslating them into Syro-Aramaic." A. - "Because, in the Koran翻譯社 there are many obscure points that, from the beginning, even the Arab commentators were not able to explain. Of these passages it is said that only God can comprehend them. Western research on the Koran, which has been conducted in a systematic manner only since about the middle of the 19th century, has always taken as its base the commentaries of the Arab scholars. But these have never gone beyond the etymological explanation of some terms of foreign origin." ROMA - That Aramaic was the lingua franca of a vast area of the ancient Middle East is a notion that is by now amply noted by a vast public, thanks to Mel Gibson´s film "The Passion of the Christ," which everyone watches in that language. Q：對很多穆斯林來講，《古蘭經》是代表了絕對真谛的聖書，你的結論對他們而言無異於褻瀆翻譯截至今朝為止，你有收到什麼反應嗎？ http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/7025?eng=y In the Europe of the 16th and 17th centuries, mangled by the wars of religion, scholars of the Bible also used to keep a safe distance with pseudonyms. But if翻譯社 now, the ones doing so are the scholars of the Koran, this is a sign that, for the Muslim holy book as well翻譯社 the era of historical, linguistic, and philological re-readings has begun.
出於很多緣由，這實際上是一個潛力無窮的嘗試翻譯正如德國薩爾蘭大學的德爾格・呂迪格爾・普恩和其他《古蘭經》學者就認為，這類從說話學的角度去理解伊斯蘭教的聖書，是一種遠比原教旨主義和摩尼式讀法都還更好，並且也更可以或許揭露其與猶太教和基督教之關聯的體例。 An interview with "Christoph Luxenberg" by Alfred Hackensberger A. - "In its origin, the Koran is a Syro-Aramaic liturgical book翻譯社 with hymns and extracts from Scriptures which might have been used in sacred Christian services. In the second place, one may see in the Koran the beginning of a preaching directed toward transmitting the belief in the Sacred Scriptures to the pagans of Mecca, in the Arabic language. Its socio-political sections翻譯社 which are not especially related to the original Koran, were added later in Medina. At its beginning, the Koran was not conceived as the foundation of a new religion. It presupposes belief in the Scriptures, and thus functioned merely as an inroad into Arabic society." 阿爾弗雷德・哈肯斯伯格對“克里斯托弗・盧森伯格”的專訪 A. - "I did that on the advice of Muslim friends who were afraid that some enthusiastic fundamentalist would act of his own initiative翻譯社 without waiting for a fatwa." A：確切如此。 Q：莫非你不會畏懼遭到伊斯蘭教令的措置，就像薩爾曼・魯西迪遭到的死刑判決那樣？ Q. - But you still preferred to use a pseudonym. A：按照伊斯蘭教傳統，《古蘭經》的歷史可以追溯到7世紀，但確切意義上的阿拉伯語文學的例子卻是兩個多世紀以後，即所謂的“先知列傳”時期的事；如逝世於828年的伊本・希沙姆的作品。是以天成翻譯社們可以藉此來肯定後《古蘭經》時代的阿拉伯文學事實發展到了什麼水平，我指的是在編輯《阿拉伯語詞典》（kitab al-ayn）的哈利勒・本・艾哈邁德去世於786年，還有為阿拉伯語語法付出進獻的希巴威沃於796年後的那段期間翻譯現在，若是我們假設《古蘭經》真的是在先知穆罕默德過世後的那一年編輯而成，那就是632年，也就是這中央有足足150年的間隔，在那段時代裡我們沒有發現任何阿拉伯文學作品。
引用自: http://blog.xuite.net/kesaite/blog/484431703有關翻譯的問題歡迎諮詢天成翻譯社
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